Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression. Request pdf on apr 1, 2002, andreas hinz and others published hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. Apr 26, 2012 a two dimension scale developed to identify depression and anxiety among physically ill patients.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. Construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. However uk normative data from hads remains limited. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. To conduct a psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and to evaluate associations of 2 measures of psychological distress with the hads anxiety hadsa and hads depression hadsd subscales in acute lung injury ali survivors. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. Additional references maier w, buller r, philipp m, heuser i.
This questionnaire is designed to help your clinician to know how you feel. Answers are based on the patients feelings over the past week. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Factor structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale ncbi. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a.
Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is officially distributed by mapi. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and the 9. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. Beck 1996 beck depression inventory, harcourt 21item depression inventory, using 5point response scale based on the bdi. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads acer. If your clinician knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. The factor structure of the german language version of the hads was investigated in 20 patients with chd. The hospital anxiety and depression scale article, 1983.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Many of gl assessments tests are educational and as such, testwise is used to deliver online educational assessments to over 500,000 children a year. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hads. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used screening tool that has demonstrated good. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Hospital anxiety depression how is hospital anxiety. Use of the general health questionnaire in clinical work. Request pdf on jul 1, 2011, franz petermann and others published hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hadsd find, read and cite. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. Translation find a translation for hospital anxiety and depression scale in other languages. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet.
Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. The items on the questionnaire that relate to anxiety are. It is presented as an easy to use questionnai re which allows to establish the presence and. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice.
Other than physically ill individuals, the hads is also used with community samplespopulations. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. It is therefore acceptable to readminister the scale at a later date, and can be used as a comparator or outcome. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. A two dimension scale developed to identify depression and anxiety among physically ill patients. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. We included patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of a malignant tumor and were ages 18 through 75 years, proficient in german, and free. State and trait anxiety are analogous in certain respects to kinetic and potential energy. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hads d franz petermann related information. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads pdf book. Hospital anxiety and depression scale deutsche version. The factor structure of the german language version of the hads was investigated in. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, german version hads 20 is a widely used 14item selfreport measure comprising 7 anxiety items and 7 depression items that yield separate anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale manual 2019 natural.
Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. The respondent rates each item on a 4point scale ranging from 0 absence to 3 extreme presence. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. The hospital anxiety and depression scale guidance and information about testwise testwise is the powerful online testing platform developed by gl assessment to host its digital tests. Often, these studies report results from a small range of cutoff thresholds. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each containing seven questions. The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale cesd, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads.
The hdrs was originally developed for hospital inpatients, thus the emphasis on melancholic and physical symptoms of depression. It has 3 subscales depression, anxiety, and stress. Introduction the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd has been recommended for depression screening in medically ill patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version. Factor structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hads can detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression using one brief questionnaire. Many translated example sentences containing hospital anxiety and depression scale spanishenglish dictionary and search engine for spanish translations. Tanxiety, like potential energy, refers to individual differences in reactions. Depression anxiety stress scale rehabmeasures database.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale is a two dimension scale. To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, a fourpoint, 14item questionnaire, was tested as a screening method for adjustment disorders and major depressive disorders in a sample of 210. Many existing hadsd studies have used exploratory methods to select optimal cutoffs. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Hospital anxiety and depression scale deutsche versionhadsd. Although the scale was designed for completion after an unstructured clinical interview, there are now semistructured interview guides available. Clinicians are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. The dass assesses negative emotional symptoms by using a 4point likert scale, ranging from 0 to 3. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease.
Sanxiety, like kinetic energy, refers to a palpable reaction or process taking place at a given time and level of intensity. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. The dass is a 21 or 42item measure designed to assess the fundamental symptoms of depression, anxiety and tensionstress. The german version 17 of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Hads officially distributed by mapi research trust eprovide. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used widely with cardiovascular. For information on, or permission to use the german translation, please contact. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, german version 38 can be considered particularly suitable for use in prevention research, because it displays a high acceptance in nonclinical. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. Aug 01, 2003 the hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. An ivr version of the scale is available from healthcare technology systems. Read online hospital anxiety and depression scale hads book pdf free download link book now. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you.